Tao (historical region)

Tao was a historical region located in present-day northeastern Turkey and southwestern Georgia. It formed a part of the larger historical region of Tayk/Taykʿ (Georgian: ტაო, Armenian: Տայք). The precise boundaries of Tao varied over time, but it generally encompassed the upper reaches of the Chorokhi River (Turkish: Çoruh) and its tributaries.

Historically, Tao was a principality and one of the core regions of the Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli). It was populated primarily by Georgians, and played a significant role in Georgian history and culture. The area was known for its numerous monasteries and churches, many of which were built during the medieval period. These architectural monuments reflect the vibrant cultural and religious life that flourished in the region.

In the early Middle Ages, Tao, along with other neighboring Georgian principalities, formed part of the Principality of Tao-Klarjeti, a politically important entity that played a key role in the unification of Georgia. This period saw significant economic and cultural development in Tao.

Over the centuries, control of Tao shifted between various powers, including the Byzantine Empire, Georgian kingdoms, and ultimately the Ottoman Empire. During Ottoman rule, the Georgian population of Tao gradually decreased due to conversion to Islam and emigration.

Today, the area that once constituted Tao is part of Turkey. However, the historical and cultural legacy of Tao continues to be significant, with its ancient churches and monasteries serving as important historical landmarks. Research and preservation efforts are ongoing to protect and study the cultural heritage of this region.