TARBP2

TARBP2 (also known as TRBP, HIV-1 TAR RNA-binding protein 2) is a human gene that encodes for the TAR RNA-binding protein 2, a double-stranded RNA-binding protein (dsRBP). This protein is involved in several cellular processes, most notably in RNA silencing and the microRNA (miRNA) pathway.

Function:

TARBP2 binds to double-stranded RNA, and is a crucial component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading complex (RLC). Specifically, it is thought to heterodimerize with Dicer, another key enzyme in the miRNA pathway, to process pre-miRNAs into mature miRNAs. TARBP2 stabilizes Dicer and promotes its association with precursor miRNAs. By facilitating the processing and loading of miRNAs into RISC, TARBP2 regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It also plays a role in antiviral defense mechanisms by recognizing and processing viral dsRNA.

Structure:

The TARBP2 protein contains two double-stranded RNA-binding domains (dsRBDs), which are essential for its interaction with RNA. These domains are highly conserved across species. The protein's structure allows it to bind specifically to dsRNA molecules, enabling its role in miRNA processing and other RNA-related functions.

Clinical Significance:

Dysregulation of TARBP2 has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Aberrant expression of TARBP2 can affect miRNA biogenesis, leading to alterations in gene expression patterns and contributing to disease development. Research suggests that TARBP2 could serve as a potential therapeutic target in certain cancers where its expression is significantly altered. Mutations in the TARBP2 gene have also been associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability.