Stalag

A Stalag (plural: Stalags) was a German term used for a prisoner-of-war camp. Derived from "Stammlager," meaning "main camp," Stalags were operated during both World War I and World War II. These camps primarily housed enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Commissioned officers were typically held in separate camps called "Oflags" (Offizierslager).

Stalag camps were generally designated by Roman numerals, often followed by a letter indicating the military district in which they were located. For example, Stalag Luft III was located in Luftgau III (the third air district).

Conditions within Stalags varied greatly depending on factors such as the war situation, the nationality of the prisoners, and the specific commander of the camp. Overcrowding, inadequate food and sanitation, and forced labor were common issues. The Geneva Convention regulations regarding the treatment of prisoners of war were often ignored or selectively applied, particularly for Soviet prisoners of war.

While escape attempts were frequent, recaptured prisoners faced harsh penalties. Despite the hardships, prisoners in Stalags often maintained morale through activities such as organizing sports, theatrical performances, and educational lectures. The International Red Cross played a crucial role in providing aid and monitoring conditions within the camps. Following the end of World War II, Stalags were liberated by Allied forces, and prisoners were repatriated to their home countries.