Ruler 5 (Copán)

Ruler 5 of Copán is a designation applied to a poorly understood early ruler of the Maya city-state of Copán, located in modern-day Honduras. Due to erosion and limited epigraphic evidence, the ruler’s actual name and reign details remain largely unknown. Archaeological findings suggest this individual reigned sometime during the Early Classic period, preceding the more well-documented dynasty that begins with K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo'. Ruler 5 is thus identified based on their position within the reconstructed dynastic sequence derived from archaeological contexts and limited hieroglyphic texts. Their significance lies primarily in their place as a predecessor to later, better-known Copán rulers, representing a crucial stage in the development of the city's political and social structure. While information is scarce, the existence of Ruler 5 highlights the longevity and complexity of Copán’s royal lineage.