Ramapala

Ramapala (reigned c. 1077 – 1120 CE) was the last major ruler of the Pala dynasty of Bengal. He ascended the throne after a period of decline for the Pala kingdom, which had suffered significant losses to the Kalachuris and the Varmans. Ramapala is credited with restoring much of the Pala power and prestige through military successes and diplomatic alliances.

His reign is notable for the reconquest of Varendra (North Bengal), which had been lost to the Kaivarta dynasty. This victory was achieved with the help of his maternal uncle, Mahana, and other feudatory chiefs. The campaign against the Varmans of East Bengal was also crucial in re-establishing Pala dominance in the region.

Ramapala's court was a center of learning and culture. He is known for his patronage of Buddhist institutions, including the Vikramashila monastery, which remained an important center of Buddhist scholarship during his rule.

The history of Ramapala's reign is primarily known through the Ramacharitam, a biographical poem written by his court poet Sandhyakara Nandi. This text provides valuable insights into the political and social conditions of Bengal during the late 11th and early 12th centuries.

Following Ramapala's death, the Pala dynasty experienced a gradual decline, eventually being replaced by the Sena dynasty. However, Ramapala's reign represents a period of resurgence and stability in the waning years of Pala rule.