Mahi (Kushan)

Mahi, also rendered as Mahesa, is a term believed to refer to a possible Kushan deity or a title of Kushan rulers, appearing on some Kushan coinage and inscriptions. Interpretations vary, but it is generally understood to be associated with the concept of power, sovereignty, or kingship.

The term's etymological origins are debated. Some scholars propose a connection to the Sanskrit word "mahi," meaning "earth" or "great," suggesting a connection to terrestrial power or the vastness of the Kushan empire. Others suggest a connection to Central Asian languages. The exact meaning and significance of Mahi within the Kushan pantheon (if it was indeed a deity) or as a royal epithet remains uncertain due to limited textual evidence.

The presence of "Mahi" on Kushan coins, often alongside other deities from diverse cultural backgrounds (Greek, Iranian, Indian), reflects the syncretic nature of Kushan religious practices. The inclusion of such terms suggests the Kushan rulers attempted to legitimize their rule by incorporating various religious and cultural elements into their imperial ideology. The interpretation of Mahi is further complicated by the limited context in which it appears and the ongoing debate surrounding Kushan religious beliefs.