Luna 22

Luna 22 was an unmanned Soviet lunar orbiter and probe launched on May 29, 1974, as part of the Luna program. Its primary mission objectives included mapping the lunar surface in high resolution, studying the lunar magnetic field, and conducting observations of the lunar gravitational field and micrometeorite environment. Luna 22 was a follow-up mission to Luna 19, with improved capabilities and a longer operational lifespan.

The spacecraft was successfully placed into lunar orbit on June 2, 1974. It operated for approximately 18 months, returning a substantial amount of data and photographs. Luna 22 provided valuable information about the lunar surface composition, particularly the maria and highlands regions. It also contributed significantly to understanding the distribution of mass within the Moon and the characteristics of its magnetic field.

One of Luna 22's notable accomplishments was its extensive photographic survey of the Moon, producing high-resolution images that were used to create detailed lunar maps. These maps were crucial for planning future lunar missions, including potential landing sites.

The mission ended in October 1975 when Luna 22 exhausted its propellant. The spacecraft remained in lunar orbit following the end of its active phase.