Fort Gaines (Alabama)

Fort Gaines is a historic fort located on Dauphin Island, Alabama, overlooking Mobile Bay. Constructed between 1821 and 1848, it played a significant role in the defense of Mobile, Alabama, particularly during the American Civil War.

The fort's construction was authorized following the War of 1812 to bolster coastal defenses. It is named in honor of General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, a prominent figure in the War of 1812.

During the Civil War, Fort Gaines was garrisoned by Confederate forces. In August 1864, Union forces under Admiral David Farragut launched an attack on Mobile Bay, engaging Confederate ships and forts in a decisive naval battle. Fort Gaines, under the command of Colonel Charles D. Anderson, was bombarded by Union artillery. After a brief but intense siege, Colonel Anderson surrendered the fort to Union forces on August 8, 1864. The capture of Fort Gaines, along with the subsequent capture of Fort Morgan, effectively closed Mobile Bay to Confederate shipping.

Today, Fort Gaines is a well-preserved historic site and a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can explore the fort's ramparts, casemates, and museum, gaining insights into its history and significance. The fort is also known for the "Fort Gaines Cannon," a historic artillery piece. Erosion caused by wave action has been a persistent threat to the fort, necessitating ongoing preservation efforts. The site is managed by the Dauphin Island Park and Beach Board.