Eye black

Eye black is a grease or sticker applied under the eyes to reduce glare. It is commonly used by athletes, particularly in baseball and American football, to improve their vision in bright sunlight or under stadium lights.

The primary purpose of eye black is to absorb and deflect light, minimizing the amount of light that reaches the eyes. This reduction in glare is believed to enhance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and depth perception, allowing athletes to better track moving objects like balls or players.

Originally, eye black was typically made from a mixture of beeswax, paraffin, and carbon black. Modern formulations may include other ingredients. It is applied as a thick stripe or multiple stripes directly below the eyes, on the cheekbones.

While traditionally a grease, eye black is now also available in the form of pre-cut stickers or strips, which are applied in the same area. Some studies have questioned the effectiveness of commercially available eye black, suggesting that petroleum jelly is less effective than the traditional carbon-based grease. The placebo effect may also contribute to perceived benefits.

Beyond its functional purpose, eye black has become a symbolic part of athletic culture, often used as a form of self-expression and team identity. Variations in application, such as different shapes or patterns, are common.