Diwali

Diwali (also known as Deepavali) is a major Hindu festival celebrated over five days, marking the victory of good over evil, light over darkness, and knowledge over ignorance. It is one of the most significant festivals in Hinduism, and is also celebrated by Sikhs, Jains, and some Buddhists.

The name "Diwali" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Deepavali," meaning "row of lights." During the festival, homes, shops, and public places are decorated with diyas (oil lamps), candles, and colorful lights. Fireworks and festive meals are also common.

The festival is associated with several Hindu legends, most prominently the story of Rama's return to Ayodhya after 14 years of exile, defeating the demon king Ravana. In some regions, it is also associated with the goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. In other regions, the festival is dedicated to Krishna, particularly his defeat of the demon Narakasura.

The five days of Diwali have distinct rituals and significance:

• Day 1 (Dhanteras): Marked by the worship of Lakshmi and Kubera, the god of wealth. People often purchase new utensils, gold, or silver.

• Day 2 (Naraka Chaturdashi): Celebrates the defeat of Narakasura by Krishna. It is a day for cleansing and purification.

• Day 3 (Lakshmi Puja): The most important day, dedicated to the worship of Lakshmi. Families perform puja (prayer rituals) and light lamps to welcome the goddess into their homes.

• Day 4 (Govardhan Puja): Celebrates Krishna's victory over Indra. In some regions, it is also celebrated as Annakut, where a mountain of food is offered to the deities.

• Day 5 (Bhai Dooj): Celebrates the bond between brothers and sisters. Sisters pray for the well-being of their brothers and apply a tilak (sacred mark) on their foreheads.

Diwali is a time for family gatherings, feasting, and exchanging gifts. It is a celebration of hope, prosperity, and new beginnings. The festival is widely celebrated in India and by the Indian diaspora around the world. The exact dates of Diwali vary each year, as they are determined by the Hindu lunar calendar.