Cricoarytenoid

The cricoarytenoid joints are paired synovial joints located in the larynx. They are formed between the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage. These joints are crucial for vocal fold movement and therefore, phonation.

Specifically, the cricoarytenoid joint allows for gliding and rotational movements of the arytenoid cartilages. These movements are essential for abduction (opening) and adduction (closing) of the vocal folds. When the arytenoid cartilages rotate medially, the vocal folds adduct, allowing for sound production. Conversely, when the arytenoid cartilages rotate laterally, the vocal folds abduct, opening the airway for breathing.

The cricoarytenoid joints are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). Damage to this nerve can result in impaired vocal fold movement and potentially difficulty breathing or speaking.

The stability of the cricoarytenoid joint is maintained by ligaments, including the posterior cricoarytenoid ligament. Disorders affecting the joint, such as arthritis or trauma, can lead to voice disorders and airway compromise.