Borax (mineral)
Borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is a hydrated borate mineral and salt of boric acid. It is typically found as a soft, colorless or white crystal that dissolves easily in water. Chemically, it is represented by the formula Na2B4O7·nH2O, where n can range from 5 to 10, with the most common form being the decahydrate (Na2B4O7·10H2O).
Borax is a naturally occurring compound formed by the repeated evaporation of seasonal lakes. Major deposits are found in arid regions such as the Mojave Desert in California, Turkey, Tibet, and other desert areas.
Borax has a wide range of industrial and household applications. It is used in detergents, cosmetics, enamel glazes, and as a buffering agent in biochemistry. It's also used as a flux in soldering and welding, and as a precursor for other boron compounds. Historically, it has been used as a cleaning agent, disinfectant, and insecticide.
While generally considered safe in low concentrations, borax can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Ingestion of large amounts can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and even more serious health problems. Regulatory agencies often set limits on its use in certain products, particularly those intended for children.