Bakhar

Bakhar (also spelled Bakhar) is a genre of historical narrative prevalent in Maharashtra, India, primarily from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Bakhars are written in Marathi prose and often focus on the lives and deeds of prominent figures, particularly rulers and warriors, as well as significant historical events. They are considered important sources for understanding Maratha history, though their accuracy and reliability are often debated due to the inclusion of myths, legends, and biased perspectives.

Characteristics:

• Historical Narrative: Bakhars chronicle historical events, focusing on battles, political intrigues, and the reigns of various rulers.
• Biographical Focus: Many bakhars center around the lives and achievements of key historical figures, such as Shivaji Maharaj and his successors.
• Marathi Language: Bakhars are written in Marathi, reflecting the cultural and linguistic context of Maharashtra.
• Oral Tradition Influence: Bakhars often draw upon oral traditions and folklore, blending historical facts with legends and myths.
• Subjectivity and Bias: Bakhars are frequently written from a particular viewpoint, often reflecting the author's allegiance or perspective, which can influence the narrative and potentially distort historical accuracy.
• Didactic Purpose: Some bakhars aim to impart moral lessons and promote specific values, further impacting their objectivity.

Significance:

Despite questions about their complete accuracy, bakhars provide valuable insights into Maratha society, politics, and culture during the period they cover. They offer details not found in other historical sources and reflect the beliefs and values of the time. They are significant for understanding the development of Marathi literature and historical consciousness.

Examples:

Notable examples of bakhars include:

• Shivaji Maharajanchi Bakhar (also known as Sabhasad Bakhar) - a biography of Shivaji Maharaj by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad.
• Bhausahebanchi Bakhar - detailing the events surrounding the Third Battle of Panipat.
• Panipatachi Bakhar - another account of the Third Battle of Panipat.
• Mahikavatichi Bakhar - A history of the Mahikavati region.

Criticisms:

Historians often approach bakhars with caution due to the following criticisms:

• Lack of Objectivity: As mentioned above, bakhars are often biased towards certain individuals or factions.
• Inclusion of Myths and Legends: The blending of historical facts with mythological elements can make it difficult to discern accurate information.
• Chronological Inaccuracies: Bakhars may contain errors in dates and timelines.
• Exaggerations and Embellishments: Events and individuals are often portrayed in an exaggerated or embellished manner.

Therefore, bakhars are best understood when analyzed critically and in conjunction with other historical sources.