1st Cavalry Division (United States)
The 1st Cavalry Division is a combined arms division of the United States Army, renowned for its history and distinctive organizational structure. It is based at Fort Cavazos (formerly Fort Hood), Texas.
History:
Originally formed as a cavalry division in 1921, the 1st Cavalry Division has a distinguished record of service in numerous conflicts. It was initially constituted from various cavalry regiments and served as a mobile force during a period of relative peace between the world wars.
The division's structure and role evolved dramatically during World War II. It saw extensive combat in the Pacific Theater, particularly in the Philippines, where it played a crucial role in liberating Manila.
The 1st Cavalry Division was among the first major U.S. Army units deployed to Vietnam. It pioneered the concept of air mobility, utilizing helicopters to rapidly deploy troops and equipment, earning the nickname "First Team." Its operations in Vietnam included large-scale search and destroy missions, providing significant contributions to the American war effort.
Following Vietnam, the division transitioned back to a more traditional armored and mechanized role. It participated in the Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm) in 1990-1991, engaging in significant armored battles.
In the 21st century, the 1st Cavalry Division has deployed to both Iraq and Afghanistan as part of the Global War on Terrorism. Its missions have included combat operations, security force assistance, and training of local security forces.
Organization:
The 1st Cavalry Division is typically organized around brigade combat teams (BCTs). These BCTs are often composed of a mix of armor, infantry, and support elements. A significant component of the division is its aviation brigade, equipped with various types of helicopters for reconnaissance, attack, and transport.
The division's current structure includes:
- Division Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion
- 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team
- 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team
- 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team
- 1st Cavalry Division Artillery
- 1st Cavalry Division Sustainment Brigade
- Combat Aviation Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division
Distinctive Insignia:
The 1st Cavalry Division's shoulder sleeve insignia is a yellow Norman shield bearing a black diagonal stripe. A black horse's head is superimposed on the stripe. The yellow shield represents the cavalry's traditional color, the black stripe signifies an iron band of strength, and the horse's head is a symbol of the division's mounted heritage.