Xanthus (mythology)

Xanthus refers to multiple entities and locations in Greek mythology:

1. Xanthus (River God): The most prominent Xanthus is a river god associated with the Scamander River (also sometimes called Xanthus) near Troy. He was considered one of the sons of Oceanus and Tethys. In Homer's Iliad, Xanthus plays a significant role, acting almost as a divine character. He is angered when Achilles pollutes the river with corpses during the Trojan War and attempts to drown Achilles. Hephaestus, the god of fire, intervenes, scorching the river and forcing Xanthus to yield. The river is often invoked in oaths and prayers.

2. Xanthus (Immortal Horse): One of the two immortal horses of Achilles. The other horse was named Balius. They were gifts from Poseidon to Peleus, Achilles' father, as a wedding gift. Xanthus was said to be able to speak and prophesy. According to Homer, when Achilles was about to die, Xanthus foretold his death, but also promised that Achilles would be glorified for his deeds.

3. Xanthus (City in Lycia): An ancient city in Lycia (modern-day Turkey), located on the Xanthus River. The city held significant historical importance and was later occupied by various empires. The site is notable for its Lycian rock-cut tombs and pillar tombs. This city is named after the river.

4. Xanthus (Son of Triopas): A son of Triopas in some accounts, though details about him are scarce.

The name "Xanthus" itself derives from the Greek word "xanthos" (ξανθός), meaning "yellow" or "golden-haired." This is likely a reference to the color of the river's waters or the coat of the horse. The Lycian city might also have been named for the river, reflecting its importance to the location.