Tremolo

In music, tremolo refers to two distinct performance techniques, one involving a rapid repetition of a single note or chord, and the other a rapid fluctuation in amplitude (volume) of a note. The specific meaning depends on the instrument and context.

• Rapid Repetition: On stringed instruments (like violin, cello, or guitar) and some percussion instruments, tremolo typically involves the rapid and repeated bowing or plucking of the same note or chord. This creates a shimmering or trembling effect. In bowed string instruments, this is often indicated by diagonal slashes through the stem of the note in musical notation. The number of slashes generally indicates the speed of the tremolo.

• Amplitude Modulation: In other instruments, particularly electronic instruments like synthesizers and electric guitars (when using an effects pedal), tremolo refers to a rapid and periodic change in volume. This effect creates a pulsating or throbbing sound. This is achieved by modulating the amplitude of the audio signal. This type of tremolo is sometimes referred to as "amplitude modulation tremolo" to differentiate it from the rapid repetition type.

The term "tremolo" is often confused with "vibrato," which is a rapid and periodic change in pitch. While both create a wavering or undulating sound, tremolo affects the volume, while vibrato affects the pitch. It is important to distinguish between these two effects.