Sandalus

Sandalus refers to a genus of beetles belonging to the family Rhipiceridae. These beetles are relatively small, typically ranging in size from a few millimeters to a centimeter in length. They are characterized by their flabellate or pectinate (comb-like) antennae, particularly in males, a feature that aids in detecting female pheromones.

Sandalus larvae are known to be parasitoids of cicada nymphs. The female Sandalus beetle lays her eggs near cicada habitats. Upon hatching, the larvae burrow into the ground to locate and attach themselves to a cicada nymph. The Sandalus larva then feeds on the cicada nymph, eventually killing it. This parasitic lifestyle is a defining characteristic of the genus.

Adult Sandalus beetles are often found in wooded areas or near trees, particularly during cicada emergence periods. Their appearance and behavior are strongly linked to the life cycle of their cicada hosts.

The genus Sandalus is distributed across various regions, including parts of North America and Asia. Species within the genus exhibit variations in coloration and specific host preferences, but the fundamental life cycle remains consistent.

Further research is ongoing to better understand the diversity and ecological role of Sandalus beetles within their respective ecosystems. The specific identification of Sandalus species can be challenging due to subtle morphological differences.