Qedar (person)

Qedar, also spelled Kedar, refers to a son of Ishmael mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis 25:13, 1 Chronicles 1:29). He is traditionally considered the ancestor of a prominent Arabian tribe or confederation known as the Qedarites.

The Qedarites (also spelled Kedarites) were a powerful tribal confederation that flourished in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in the Syrian-Arabian desert, from the 8th to the 4th centuries BCE. They were renowned for their wealth, primarily derived from control of trade routes, especially those involving incense and spices. They are mentioned in the Bible, Assyrian records, and other ancient sources.

While Qedar is presented as an individual in Genesis, in subsequent historical and literary contexts, "Qedar" primarily denotes the tribe or the land associated with the Qedarites. The term is often used metonymically to refer to the people themselves.

The Qedarites were initially nomadic pastoralists, but over time, they developed significant political and military power, challenging the Assyrian Empire's control over parts of the Arabian Peninsula. They are described as skilled archers and warriors, and their military prowess contributed to their influence in the region.

Their culture is known through archaeological findings and textual references. They practiced a polytheistic religion, although later some may have adopted monotheistic beliefs. Their language was likely an Old North Arabian dialect.

The Qedarites gradually declined in power, eventually fading from prominence in historical records by the 4th century BCE, likely absorbed into other Arabian tribal groups. However, the name "Qedar" retained a symbolic significance, sometimes used poetically to refer to the wildness or exotic nature of the desert and its inhabitants.