Pleroma

Pleroma (Greek: πλήρωμα, "fullness") refers to the totality of divine powers and attributes. The term is most commonly associated with Gnosticism, where it describes the complete and perfect realm of the divine. It is conceived as the abode of God and various emanations or aeons that proceed from God.

In Gnostic cosmology, the Pleroma stands in contrast to the material world, which is seen as deficient, imperfect, and often associated with evil. The creation of the material world is typically attributed to a flaw or disturbance within the Pleroma, leading to the generation of lower, imperfect beings.

Within the Pleroma, the aeons are arranged in a hierarchical structure. Each aeon represents a specific aspect of the divine nature, such as wisdom, love, or power. The number and names of the aeons vary across different Gnostic systems. They are often described as pairs (syzygies), representing male and female principles.

The concept of Pleroma also plays a role in Gnostic soteriology. Salvation, in this context, involves escaping the material world and returning to the Pleroma, reuniting with the divine source. This is often achieved through acquiring gnosis (knowledge) of the true nature of reality and one's own divine origin.

While primarily associated with Gnosticism, the term "Pleroma" also appears in the New Testament, specifically in the writings of Paul the Apostle. In these instances, it generally refers to the fullness of God's being or the fullness of Christ. However, some scholars interpret Paul's use of the term as possibly influenced by or reacting to early Gnostic ideas. The exact relationship between Pauline theology and Gnosticism remains a subject of scholarly debate.

The term can also be used more broadly to describe any state of perfect abundance or completeness.