Kudaru

Kudaru (下る) is a Japanese verb meaning "to descend," "to go down," "to come down," "to fall," "to be handed down," "to surrender," or "to lapse." Its meaning is highly dependent on the context in which it is used.

Core Meanings:

• Physical Descent: The most literal meaning refers to moving from a higher to a lower position, either actively or passively. This could apply to descending a mountain, going downstairs, or the falling of rain.

• Transfer from Authority: It also describes something being handed down from a superior to an inferior, or from a higher authority to a lower one. This could relate to decrees, orders, or decisions.

• Surrender/Submission: In certain contexts, kudaru can imply surrender or submission, reflecting a movement from a position of strength or resistance to one of acquiescence.

• Lapse/Decline: Kudaru can express a decline in quality, standard, or condition. For instance, it can indicate a drop in price or a deterioration in health.

Nuances and Usage:

The specific nuance of kudaru is determined by the particles and nouns it is associated with. The direction of movement (downward or from authority) is central to its interpretation. The verb is versatile and used in various settings, from describing geographical landscapes to abstract concepts of power and status.