Figbird

The Figbird is a genus of birds ( Sphecotheres) in the family Oriolidae (Old World orioles). These birds are found in forest, woodland, and mangrove habitats in Australia, New Guinea, and some Indonesian islands. They are characterized by their distinct sexual dimorphism, with males possessing bright plumage and bare facial skin, while females are generally duller in color and lack prominent facial markings.

Taxonomy:

The genus Sphecotheres was formerly classified within the Corvidae (crow) family, but molecular and morphological evidence has placed it firmly within the Oriolidae. The exact relationships within the genus Sphecotheres are still under investigation, and the number of recognized species has varied.

Species:

Currently, most authorities recognize the following species:

• Sphecotheres vieilloti (Australasian Figbird), found in Australia and New Guinea. Sometimes treated as conspecific with the Wetar Figbird and Timor Figbird.
• Sphecotheres hypoleucus (Wetar Figbird), endemic to Wetar Island, Indonesia.
• Sphecotheres viridis (Timor Figbird), endemic to Timor Island.

Description:

Figbirds are medium-sized birds with a stout build. The male Australasian Figbird, for example, has striking black and yellow plumage with a red eye patch. Females are olive-brown above and whitish below with dark streaks. They have strong bills adapted for feeding on fruits.

Distribution and Habitat:

Figbirds are primarily arboreal, inhabiting a range of forest types, from rainforest to open woodland. They are also found in mangrove swamps and cultivated areas. Their distribution is largely determined by the availability of fruiting trees.

Behavior:

Figbirds are typically observed in pairs or small flocks. They are known to be relatively noisy birds, with a variety of calls. Their diet consists mainly of fruits, but they also consume insects and nectar.

Conservation Status:

The conservation status of figbird species varies. The Australasian Figbird is generally considered to be common and widespread and is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. The Wetar Figbird and Timor Figbird, being restricted to small islands, are more vulnerable to habitat loss and are classified as Near Threatened.