Drożdżyce

Drożdżyce (also known as yeast infections, candidiasis, or moniliasis) are fungal infections caused by yeasts, most commonly Candida albicans, but also other Candida species like Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, and others. Candida species are naturally present in the human body (skin, mucous membranes, digestive tract), typically without causing harm. An overgrowth of these yeasts, however, can lead to infection.

Drożdżyce can affect various parts of the body, including:

• Mouth and throat (oral thrush): Characterized by white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, and sometimes the throat.
• Esophagus (esophageal candidiasis): A more serious infection that can cause difficulty swallowing and pain. This is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems.
• Vagina (vulvovaginal candidiasis or yeast infection): Causes itching, burning, redness, and a thick, white discharge.
• Skin (cutaneous candidiasis): Can occur in skin folds, such as under the breasts, in the groin, or between the toes. Symptoms include a red, itchy rash.
• Invasive candidiasis: A serious infection that occurs when Candida enters the bloodstream and spreads to other organs. This is most common in hospitalized patients with weakened immune systems or indwelling medical devices.

Causes:

Factors that can contribute to the development of drożdżyce include:

• Weakened immune system (e.g., due to HIV/AIDS, cancer treatment, or organ transplantation).
• Antibiotic use (antibiotics can kill beneficial bacteria that keep Candida in check).
• Diabetes.
• Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, oral contraceptives).
• Poor hygiene.
• Moist environments.
• Certain medications (e.g., corticosteroids).

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and may include:

• Microscopic examination of a sample taken from the affected area.
• Culture of a sample to identify the specific Candida species.
• Blood tests (in cases of suspected invasive candidiasis).

Treatment:

Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the infection:

• Topical antifungal medications: Creams, ointments, or suppositories for skin and vaginal infections.
• Oral antifungal medications: Pills or liquids for more severe infections or infections that don't respond to topical treatment.
• Intravenous antifungal medications: For invasive candidiasis.

Prevention:

Preventative measures may include:

• Maintaining good hygiene.
• Wearing breathable clothing.
• Managing underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes.
• Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use.
• Eating a balanced diet.
• For women prone to vaginal yeast infections, some may find benefit in using probiotics or consuming yogurt with live cultures. Consult with a healthcare professional before using probiotics.