Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist)

The Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (Spanish: Partido Comunista de España (Marxista-Leninista), PCE (m-l)) is a communist party in Spain. It was formed in 1964 as the Spanish Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) (PCE (m-l)) by Enrique Líster Forján, a prominent general in the Spanish Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War, after he was expelled from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) due to ideological differences. Lister and his followers criticized the PCE's increasingly Eurocommunist orientation and advocated for a return to a more orthodox Marxist-Leninist line.

The PCE (m-l) operated clandestinely during the final years of the Francoist dictatorship. It initially gained some support among students and workers, particularly in areas with a strong history of labor activism. The party was legalized after Franco's death in 1977.

Following legalization, the PCE (m-l) suffered from internal divisions and competition from other leftist parties. Over the years, it underwent several splits and mergers. In 1986, the party adopted its current name, Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist), to distinguish itself from other communist organizations.

The PCE (m-l) adheres to a Marxist-Leninist ideology, advocating for the establishment of a socialist state in Spain through revolution. It is critical of capitalism, imperialism, and revisionism within the communist movement. The party's political program focuses on issues such as workers' rights, social justice, and national sovereignty.

The PCE (m-l) participates in elections at the local, regional, and national levels, although it has typically garnered a small percentage of the vote. It is a member of the International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO). The party publishes a newspaper called Unidad y Lucha (Unity and Struggle).