William H. Avery (engineer)

William H. Avery (1912 – 2009) was an American aerospace engineer, physicist, and educator, best known for his pioneering work in the development of ramjet engines and missile technology. He served as the Technical Director of the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at Johns Hopkins University from 1963 to 1974, and made significant contributions to the advancement of guided missile systems and other defense technologies.

Avery received his Ph.D. in physics from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). His early career involved research in fluid dynamics and combustion, leading him to focus on the potential of ramjet propulsion for high-speed flight. He led efforts at APL to develop and test ramjet engines, culminating in successful applications for missiles like the Talos and Terrier. These advancements played a crucial role in bolstering U.S. air defense capabilities during the Cold War.

Beyond his technical leadership, Avery was a strong advocate for science education and outreach. He played a key role in establishing the APL Science and Engineering Apprenticeship Program (SEAP), which provides opportunities for high school students to participate in cutting-edge research. He also authored numerous scientific papers and held several patents related to ramjet technology and missile systems. His work contributed significantly to the field of aerospace engineering and national security.

Following his retirement from APL, Avery remained active in consulting and educational endeavors. He received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, recognizing his contributions to science, engineering, and national defense. He is remembered as a visionary engineer, a dedicated leader, and a passionate advocate for science education.