Rail (bird)

A rail is any member of the family Rallidae, a diverse group of small to medium-sized, ground-dwelling birds. Rails are characterized by their typically slender bodies, long toes, short, rounded wings, and strong legs. The bill shape varies among species, ranging from short and stout to long and decurved.

Rails are found on every continent except Antarctica, inhabiting a wide range of wetland habitats, including marshes, swamps, reedbeds, and riverbanks. Some species also occur in drier grasslands and forests.

Many rail species are secretive and difficult to observe, often preferring to remain hidden in dense vegetation. Their presence is frequently detected by their distinctive calls, which can include loud clattering, grunting, or whistling sounds.

Rails are generally omnivorous, with their diet consisting of invertebrates, seeds, and plant matter. They forage on the ground or in shallow water, probing with their bills for food.

Several rail species are flightless or nearly so, particularly those inhabiting island ecosystems. Flightlessness has evolved independently in various rail lineages. Many other rail species are capable of strong flight, especially during migration.

The conservation status of rail species varies considerably. Some are common and widespread, while others are critically endangered due to habitat loss, introduced predators, and hunting. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting and restoring wetland habitats and controlling invasive species.