Lilium

Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are in the lily family (Liliaceae). The genus encompasses true lilies.

Description

Lilium species are native to the temperate northern hemisphere. They extend throughout much of Asia, to Europe and into North America. They are typically tall plants, ranging in height from 2–6 ft (60–180 cm). Most species form leafy stems with narrow leaves.

Lilies bloom in summer or early autumn. The flowers are large, often fragrant, and come in a range of colours including whites, yellows, oranges, pinks, reds, and purples. Markings include spots and brush strokes. The flowers are borne singly or in umbels (clusters) at the stem tip.

The fruit is a capsule which splits to release numerous seeds.

Cultivation and Uses

Many Lilium species are widely cultivated in gardens and as cut flowers. They are prized for their beauty and fragrance. They require well-drained soil and a sunny or partially shaded location. Lilies are propagated by offsets, bulb scales, or seeds.

Some species have medicinal properties, and some are used as food in certain cultures. However, it is important to note that some lilies are toxic to humans and animals, especially cats.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Lilium is complex and has undergone several revisions. The genus is typically divided into several sections or divisions based on morphological characteristics and genetic data. These include Asiatic hybrids, Martagon hybrids, Candidum hybrids, American hybrids, Longiflorum hybrids, Trumpet and Aurelian hybrids, Oriental hybrids, and various interspecific hybrids.

Conservation

Some Lilium species are threatened by habitat loss, over-collection, and other factors. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these species.