Joshua Johnson (painter)

Joshua Johnson (c. 1763 – 1824 or later), also spelled Johnston, was an American painter active in Baltimore, Maryland, from about 1796 to 1824. He is considered the first African American to gain recognition as a professional artist in the United States.

While Johnson's exact origins and training remain somewhat unclear due to limited historical records, evidence suggests he was born into slavery and later manumitted. His portraits, primarily of middle-class white families in the Baltimore area, are characterized by their directness, clarity, and a distinctive folk-art style. His work often features subjects posed in simple settings, with attention paid to details of clothing and furnishings.

Although his artistic style is not considered highly sophisticated, Johnson's importance lies in his historical significance as a pioneering African American artist who navigated the complexities of a racially stratified society to establish a career in portraiture. His paintings provide valuable insight into the social and cultural landscape of early 19th-century Baltimore. His artistic output contributes significantly to understanding the diverse voices that shaped early American art.