Signoria

The Signoria was the governing council of Florence, Italy, during the medieval and Renaissance periods. It represented the highest authority within the Florentine Republic, particularly from the late 13th century until the rise of the Medici family.

The composition of the Signoria varied over time but generally consisted of a group of citizens selected largely by lot (scrutiny) from among the members of the major guilds (Arti Maggiori). The members served for a relatively short term, typically two months, to prevent corruption and factionalism from taking root. During their term, the members of the Signoria resided in the Palazzo della Signoria (now Palazzo Vecchio).

The Signoria was responsible for the day-to-day administration of Florence, including foreign policy, military affairs, and public works. Its decisions were subject to review by other councils, such as the Consigli, which represented a broader spectrum of the Florentine population. The Gonfaloniere of Justice, elected from among the guild members, served as the head of the Signoria and held the Florentine banner in times of war or civic unrest.

The power of the Signoria waned as the Medici family gradually consolidated their control over Florence. While the institution formally remained in place, its influence diminished under Medici rule, becoming largely a tool for legitimizing their authority.