Josef Schmid (flight surgeon)

Josef Schmid was a German flight surgeon during World War II, known for his contributions to aviation medicine, particularly in the areas of aeromedical evacuation and the physiological effects of high-altitude flight on pilots and aircrew. He served as the Chief of the Aeromedical Service of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) throughout the war.

Schmid played a key role in establishing efficient medical protocols and procedures for the Luftwaffe. He organized and oversaw a system for rapid aeromedical evacuation of wounded airmen from the front lines, significantly improving their chances of survival and recovery. His efforts included the standardization of aircraft used for medical transport and the training of medical personnel specifically for aeromedical duties.

He conducted and supervised research into the physiological stresses placed on pilots during high-altitude combat missions, including the effects of hypoxia (oxygen deprivation), rapid decompression, and G-forces. This research led to the development of improved oxygen masks, pressure suits, and other protective equipment designed to mitigate these risks and enhance pilot performance.

Following World War II, Schmid's expertise was sought after in the development of post-war aviation medicine programs, contributing to the advancement of flight safety and crew health. His research and leadership helped to establish many of the fundamental principles of aeromedical practice that are still used today.