Ryūteki

The ryūteki (龍笛, literally "dragon flute") is a Japanese transverse flute used primarily in gagaku, the ancient classical music of the Japanese imperial court. It is one of the three main wind instruments used in gagaku, along with the hichiriki (double-reed oboe) and the shō (mouth organ).

The ryūteki is slightly larger than the nohkan flute used in Noh theater. It is typically made of bamboo, lacquered, and wrapped with cherry bark or rattan. It has seven finger holes, and a membrane covering the hole nearest the mouthpiece called a kabane. The kabane, similar to the mirliton of a kazoo, gives the ryūteki its characteristic reedy or buzzing sound.

The ryūteki's sound is meant to evoke the sound of dragons ascending to the heavens. Its melody is often described as elaborate and ornate. In gagaku ensemble, the ryūteki generally plays a higher register melody than the hichiriki. It is particularly prominent in the tōgaku repertoire, which is influenced by Chinese Tang Dynasty music.

The instrument requires considerable breath control and skill to play well. Mastering the ryūteki involves learning specific fingerings, embouchure techniques, and breath control methods unique to gagaku music. Traditionally, these skills were passed down through generations within court families or guilds. Although still primarily used in traditional gagaku settings, some contemporary composers have incorporated the ryūteki into modern musical works.