Pitohui

The Pitohui are a genus of birds endemic to New Guinea. They are notable for being the first documented poisonous birds. The genus currently comprises six recognized species.

Toxicity:

The pitohui's skin and feathers contain a potent neurotoxin called homobatrachotoxin, a compound also found in poison dart frogs of the Phyllobates genus in Colombia. The toxin is believed to be derived from the pitohui's diet, potentially from consuming toxic beetles of the Choresine genus. The level of toxicity varies between species, with the Hooded Pitohui (Pitohui dichrous) being the most poisonous. The toxin is present in varying degrees throughout the bird's body, including the skin, feathers, and internal organs.

Species:

The six recognized species of pitohui are:

• Hooded Pitohui (Pitohui dichrous)
• Variable Pitohui (Pitohui kirhocephalus)
• Rusty Pitohui (Pitohui ferrugineus)
• White-bellied Pitohui (Pitohui incertus)
• Crested Pitohui (Pitohui cristatus)
• Mottled Pitohui (Pitohui adustus)

Physical Characteristics:

Pitohuis are medium-sized birds, ranging in size depending on the species. They typically have dull plumage in variations of brown, black, orange, and white.

Habitat and Distribution:

Pitohuis are found only in New Guinea, inhabiting rainforests, woodlands, and edges of gardens. Their distribution varies depending on the specific species.

Behavior:

Pitohuis are generally active birds, often observed foraging in pairs or small groups. Their diet consists primarily of insects, fruits, and seeds. The toxicity of the pitohui is believed to serve as a defense mechanism against predators. The bright coloration of the Hooded Pitohui is thought to be an example of aposematism, warning potential predators of its toxicity.