Perila

Perilla (also spelled Perila) refers to a genus of annual herbs in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia and East Asia. The most common species, Perilla frutescens, is cultivated for its leaves, seeds, and oil, all of which are used in various culinary and medicinal applications.

Description:

Perilla frutescens plants typically grow to a height of 0.5-1 meter. The leaves are ovate, toothed, and arranged oppositely on the stem. They can vary in color, ranging from green to purple, and are known for their distinctive aroma, often described as a blend of mint, basil, and anise. The flowers are small and white or purple, borne in terminal racemes. The seeds are small and round, containing a high percentage of oil.

Uses:

• Culinary: Perilla leaves are widely used as a herb in East Asian cuisine, particularly in Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese dishes. They are often used fresh as a wrap for grilled meats, in salads, and as a garnish. Perilla seeds are also used as a spice and can be pressed to extract perilla oil, which is used for cooking and flavoring.
• Medicinal: Perilla has a long history of traditional medicinal use in Asia. It is believed to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and antioxidant properties. Extracts from perilla leaves and seeds are used in herbal remedies to treat respiratory problems, skin conditions, and digestive issues.
• Industrial: Perilla oil has a high content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid. It is used in the production of paints, varnishes, linoleum, and other industrial products.

Varieties:

Several varieties of Perilla frutescens are cultivated, differing in leaf color, shape, and aroma. Some common varieties include:

• Shiso (Japanese): Often with green or purple leaves, shiso is widely used in Japanese cuisine.
• Kkaennip (Korean): Typically green-leaved, kkaennip is a staple in Korean cuisine.
• Tía tô (Vietnamese): Often purple-leaved, tía tô is used in Vietnamese dishes.

Cultivation:

Perilla is relatively easy to grow in temperate climates with well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight. It can be propagated from seed or cuttings. The plant is considered invasive in some regions.