Ochnaceae

Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to the order Malpighiales. They are predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and South America.

Description

Plants in the Ochnaceae family are highly diverse in appearance, ranging from small shrubs to trees. They are characterized by having simple, alternate leaves, which are often leathery and have serrated margins. Stipules are present, and sometimes quite conspicuous. The flowers are typically bisexual and actinomorphic (radially symmetrical), with five sepals and five petals, although variations in petal number can occur. Stamens are usually numerous. The ovary is superior and typically composed of multiple carpels, which may be fused or free. Fruits are often distinctive, often with a fleshy receptacle that enlarges after flowering, supporting black or dark-colored seeds.

Taxonomy

The taxonomic placement of Ochnaceae has varied over time. Historically, it was sometimes included within the Theaceae family. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have consistently supported its distinctiveness as a family. Within the Malpighiales, its closest relatives are often considered to be Quiinaceae and Medusagynaceae. The circumscription of Ochnaceae has also been subject to revision, with some genera formerly placed within it now recognized as belonging to other families, such as Sauvagesiaceae.

Ecology

Ochnaceae members occupy a variety of habitats within their tropical and subtropical ranges, including rainforests, savannas, and woodlands. They play important roles in these ecosystems as food sources for animals and provide habitat for other organisms. Some species are also known for their ability to tolerate fire.

Uses

Certain species within the Ochnaceae family have economic and cultural significance. Some are used in traditional medicine, while others are cultivated as ornamental plants for their attractive flowers and fruits. The wood of some Ochnaceae trees is also valued for timber.