MAX (gene)

MAX is a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) protein. It functions as a central regulator of gene transcription, playing a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

MAX forms heterodimers with other bHLH-LZ proteins, most notably MYC. The MYC/MAX heterodimer is a potent transcription factor that binds to specific DNA sequences called E-boxes (Enhancer boxes) and activates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and metabolism.

However, MAX can also form homodimers, and these homodimers typically act as transcriptional repressors. The balance between MYC/MAX heterodimers and MAX homodimers is critical for regulating cellular processes.

The MAX gene is essential for normal development and cellular function. Loss-of-function mutations in MAX have been implicated in various cancers, including neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Specifically, decreased levels of MAX protein can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation, often through disrupting the normal regulation of MYC target genes. The MAX gene is located on human chromosome 14.

Further research continues to elucidate the intricate role of MAX in various biological pathways and its implications for human health.