House of Baux

The House of Baux (French: Les Baux, Provençal: Li Baus) was a powerful and influential noble family of Provence in southern France during the Middle Ages. Their lineage is traced back to the lords of Baux-de-Provence, a strategically important fortress town in the Alpilles mountains.

The family claimed descent from Balthazar, one of the Three Magi, and consequently adopted a star as their emblem. This claim, while historically dubious, served to bolster their prestige and legitimacy.

The House of Baux played a significant role in Provençal politics and warfare, often vying for power with the Counts of Provence and later the Kings of Naples who ruled Provence. They were known for their independent spirit and their willingness to challenge royal authority. Their holdings extended beyond Baux-de-Provence to include other territories in Provence, as well as parts of Italy and even the Holy Land.

Notable members of the House of Baux included:

• Hugues des Baux: He was a prominent figure in the 12th century, known for his resistance to the Count of Provence.

• Raymond des Baux: He claimed the County of Provence in the 12th century, leading to a long period of conflict.

• Bertrand des Baux: He held significant power in the Kingdom of Naples in the 13th and 14th centuries.

The fortunes of the House of Baux fluctuated over the centuries. While they held periods of considerable power and influence, they also faced setbacks and challenges, including military defeats and political intrigues. Ultimately, the senior branch of the family died out in the 15th century. However, related families continued to use the name and claim descent from the House of Baux.

The legacy of the House of Baux is evident in the historical sites associated with them, particularly the ruins of the Château des Baux-de-Provence. Their story offers insight into the complex dynamics of power and nobility in medieval Provence.