Cefprozil

Cefprozil is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. It is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antimicrobial effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Mechanism of Action:

Cefprozil, like other cephalosporins, inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are enzymes involved in the transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis. Peptidoglycan is a critical component of the bacterial cell wall, providing structural integrity. By interfering with its synthesis, cefprozil weakens the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death.

Indications:

Cefprozil is typically prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate bacterial infections, including:

• Upper respiratory tract infections, such as pharyngitis/tonsillitis (strep throat) and sinusitis.
• Otitis media (middle ear infection).
• Skin and skin structure infections.
• Secondary bacterial infections of acute bronchitis and pneumonia.

Administration:

Cefprozil is administered orally, usually in tablet or suspension form. Dosage and duration of treatment are determined by the severity and type of infection, as well as the patient's age, weight, and renal function. It is crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Adverse Effects:

Common side effects of cefprozil may include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
• Headache.
• Dizziness.
• Rash.

Less common, but more serious, side effects may include:

• Allergic reactions, such as hives, angioedema, and anaphylaxis.
• Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).
• Seizures (rare).

Contraindications:

Cefprozil is contraindicated in patients with a known allergy to cefprozil or other cephalosporin antibiotics. Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of penicillin allergy, as cross-reactivity may occur. Patients with renal impairment may require dosage adjustments.

Drug Interactions:

Cefprozil can interact with other medications. Probenecid can decrease the renal excretion of cefprozil, potentially increasing serum concentrations. It's important to inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, before starting cefprozil.