Canfari
Canfari, as the term relates to historical sources and numismatics, refers to a type of Byzantine bronze coinage issued primarily during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527-565 AD). These coins are characterized by their specific weight, size, and denominations, and are an important source of information for understanding the Byzantine economy and monetary system of the 6th century.
The term "Canfari" is derived from, or associated with, the name of a coin weight system utilized in the Byzantine Empire. The term can also refer to the weight itself. Identifying a coin as a Canfari helps scholars determine its approximate value and understand its role in daily transactions.
Key features of Canfari coins include:
- Material: Predominantly bronze, although the fineness and alloys used could vary.
- Denominations: Canfari coins existed in multiple denominations, including the follis (40 nummi), half-follis (20 nummi), decanummia (10 nummi), and pentanummia (5 nummi). These denominations are often indicated by Greek numerals (Μ, Κ, Ι, Ε) on the coin itself.
- Iconography: Typically, Canfari coins bear the image of the reigning emperor on the obverse and a variety of imperial symbols, such as crosses or monograms, on the reverse. Mint marks, indicating the city where the coin was struck, are also common.
- Historical Significance: The study of Canfari coins provides insights into the economic policies of Justinian I, the administrative structure of the Byzantine Empire, and the circulation of money within its territories. The relative abundance of these coins suggests a period of significant economic activity and centralized control over coinage.
The study of Canfari coins requires careful examination of their physical characteristics, including weight, size, iconography, and mint marks. Numismatists often compare Canfari coins to known examples and historical records to determine their authenticity and provenance. Variations in weight and design can also provide information about different mints and periods of production.