Barrage (artillery)
A barrage is a type of artillery tactic involving the delivery of a continuous and concentrated volume of fire onto a specific area for a limited period. It is primarily used to suppress or destroy enemy positions, disrupt their movements, provide cover for advancing friendly forces, or isolate a particular zone.
A barrage differs from other artillery fire missions like harassing fire or interdiction in its intensity and purpose. Harassing fire aims to disrupt enemy activities over a longer duration with less concentration, while interdiction targets enemy supply lines or communication networks. A barrage, in contrast, is characterized by a rapid and overwhelming application of firepower.
Barrages can be pre-planned or called in reactively. Pre-planned barrages are often used in conjunction with coordinated offensives, with the artillery fire designed to create a safe corridor for infantry or armored units to advance. Reactively called barrages are often used to respond to unexpected enemy attacks or to suppress enemy fire that is hindering friendly movement.
Different types of barrages exist, including:
- Rolling barrage: The artillery fire advances in a pre-determined pattern ahead of advancing troops, providing them with continuous cover. The timing and distance between the artillery fire and the advancing troops are crucial to avoid friendly fire casualties.
- Creeping barrage: Similar to a rolling barrage, but the advance of the artillery fire is slower and more deliberate.
- Standing barrage: A stationary wall of fire used to isolate a particular area or prevent enemy reinforcement or withdrawal.
- Box barrage: Artillery fire that surrounds a specific area, trapping enemy forces within.
The effectiveness of a barrage depends on a variety of factors, including the accuracy and volume of the artillery fire, the density of enemy defenses, the terrain, and the weather conditions. Modern barrages often incorporate sophisticated targeting systems and precision-guided munitions to maximize their impact.