120s BC

The 120s BC refers to the decade spanning the years 129 BC to 120 BC, inclusive. This period falls within the Late Roman Republic era. Events from this period are typically described using the Proleptic Julian calendar.

This decade saw significant developments in Roman politics and expansion, as well as events in other parts of the ancient world. Key themes often associated with the 120s BC include:

• Roman Expansion: Rome continued its expansionist policies, consolidating control over conquered territories and engaging in new military campaigns. The Jugurthine War, which began in 112 BC but whose seeds were sown earlier, was a looming presence that cast a shadow on the decade.

• Political Turmoil in Rome: The late 2nd century BC was a period of considerable political tension in Rome. The legacy of the Gracchi brothers and their attempts at land reform and social reform continued to resonate, creating deep divisions within Roman society and the Senate.

• Developments in other regions: While the focus is often on Rome, other regions experienced significant events. The Seleucid Empire continued its decline in the East, and various smaller kingdoms and city-states vied for power.