Xie Xuehong (1901–1970) was a Taiwanese revolutionary and politician who played a significant role in the left-wing and anti-colonial movements in Taiwan and mainland China during the 20th century.
Born in Changhua, Taiwan, during the Japanese colonial period, Xie moved to mainland China and later to the Soviet Union for education. In 1925, she attended the University of the Toilers of the East in Moscow. In 1928, she co-founded the Taiwanese Communist Party (initially a branch of the Japanese Communist Party) in Shanghai. Her political activities during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan led to her arrest and imprisonment for several years.
Following the end of World War II and the transfer of Taiwan to the Republic of China, Xie became a prominent figure in the local political scene. She is most notable for her leadership role during the February 28 Incident in 1947, an uprising against the Kuomintang (KMT) administration. During the conflict, she organized and led the "27 Brigade," a militia group based in Taichung that engaged in armed resistance against KMT forces.
After the suppression of the uprising, Xie fled Taiwan and settled in mainland China. In November 1947, she founded the Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (TDSGL) in Hong Kong, which eventually became one of the recognized minor political parties in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Following the establishment of the PRC in 1949, she held several official positions, including serving as a member of the National People's Congress.
In the late 1950s, Xie was targeted during the Anti-Rightist Campaign and was subsequently purged from her political positions. She suffered further persecution during the Cultural Revolution. Xie died in Beijing in 1970. She was posthumously rehabilitated by the Communist Party of China in 1986. Her legacy remains a subject of historical study regarding Taiwanese identity, communism, and resistance movements.