Definition
Waxed paper is a thin sheet of paper that has been coated on one or both sides with a thin layer of wax, typically paraffin or soybean wax, to provide moisture resistance, limited greasiness, and a non‑stick surface.
Overview
Waxed paper is commonly used in food preparation, packaging, and various household applications. In culinary contexts, it serves as a barrier to prevent moisture loss, to line baking trays, or to wrap foods for storage. The wax coating renders the paper water‑repellent while allowing some breathability, distinguishing it from fully impermeable plastics. Historically, waxed paper was a primary material for wrapping sandwiches, pastries, and other perishable items before the widespread adoption of plastic cling film. It remains in use for tasks where heat resistance is required but direct exposure to high temperatures (above its melting point) would cause the wax to liquefy.
Etymology / Origin
The term combines “wax,” referring to the solid lipid substance applied as a coating, and “paper,” denoting the cellulose substrate. The practice of waxing paper dates to the early 19th century, with commercial production recorded in the United States and Europe by the 1850s. The word “waxed” as a past participle of “wax” has been used in English since the Middle Ages, while “paper” derives from the Latin papyrus via Old French papier.
Characteristics
- Composition: Typically a base of ordinary writing or kraft paper impregnated with a thin (approximately 2–5 µm) layer of wax. Modern variants may employ soy‑based or biodegradable waxes for environmental considerations.
- Physical properties: Semi‑transparent, slightly glossy surface; water contact angle of 90–110°, indicating hydrophobic behavior. Tear resistance is modest, and the material is susceptible to tearing when subjected to sharp forces.
- Thermal limits: Wax melts at temperatures between 50 °C and 80 °C, depending on wax type; therefore, waxed paper can be used for low‑temperature baking (e.g., up to 120 °C) but is unsuitable for high‑heat cooking methods.
- Permeability: Provides a barrier to moisture and oil, yet allows limited gas exchange, which can be advantageous for certain food preservation needs.
- Environmental aspects: The paper component is biodegradable, while the wax layer is generally low‑toxicity; however, recycling is limited because the wax interferes with standard paper recycling processes.
Related Topics
- Parchment paper (silicone‑coated paper)
- Greaseproof paper (uncoated, high‑density paper)
- Plastic cling film (polyethylene stretch wrap)
- Food preservation methods
- Sustainable packaging materials
- Paper recycling challenges associated with coated papers