The United States Capitol (also called the Capitol or Capitol Building) is the seat of the United States Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is located on Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., and houses both the Senate and the House of Representatives.
History
- Construction began in September 1793 under the direction of President George Washington and architect William Thornton, who won a design competition.
- The original building was completed in 1800, but it has been expanded and modified several times, notably after the burning of Washington in 1814 during the War of 1812 and following the Civil War.
- Major additions include the cast-iron dome (designed by Thomas U. Walter) completed in 1866, and the extensions of the Senate and House wings in the early 20th century.
Architecture
- The Capitol is an example of neoclassical architecture, drawing inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman temples.
- Its most recognizable feature is the large white dome, topped by the Statue of Freedom (cast in 1863).
- The building contains over 540,000 square feet of floor space, 16 staircases, 5,000 rooms, and a central rotunda that serves as a symbolic and ceremonial space.
Functions
- The Senate convenes in the north wing, while the House of Representatives meets in the south wing.
- The Capitol also houses the offices of members of Congress, congressional committees, and various support services.
- The Rotunda and National Statuary Hall are used for official ceremonies, state funerals, and public exhibitions.
Security and Access
- Security is managed primarily by the United States Capitol Police, with additional support from the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia and the U.S. Secret Service.
- Public tours are available, though access can be restricted for security, maintenance, or special events.
Cultural Significance
- As a symbol of American democracy, the Capitol appears on U.S. currency, postage stamps, and is a frequent subject in art, literature, and media.
- The building is part of the Capitol Complex, which includes the Capitol Grounds, the Supreme Court building, the Library of Congress, and several office buildings.
Preservation
- The Capitol is a National Historic Landmark and is maintained by the Architect of the Capitol, an agency responsible for the preservation, operation, and development of the Capitol Complex.
The United States Capitol continues to serve as the physical and symbolic center of the legislative process of the United States.
