Thomas Adamson (1833–1913) was a New Zealand soldier and scout who served during the New Zealand Wars. He is primarily recognized for his service in the Armed Constabulary and the Corps of Guides, and for being a recipient of the New Zealand Cross (NZC), one of the rarest military decorations in the world.
Adamson was born in Whanganui, New Zealand. During the late 1860s, he participated in the campaigns against the Māori leader Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki. On May 7, 1869, during an expedition at Ahikereru, Adamson distinguished himself through acts of conspicuous bravery. According to official citations, he pursued a group of enemy combatants into dense bush while under heavy fire. Despite the risk of ambush and his isolation from the main body of colonial forces, he engaged the opposing party at close range.
For his conduct during this engagement, Adamson was awarded the New Zealand Cross on May 8, 1876. The New Zealand Cross was established in 1869 specifically to recognize acts of valor performed by members of the colonial militia and constabulary who were, at the time, technically ineligible for the Victoria Cross.
In addition to his bravery in combat, Adamson was noted for his expertise as a marksman and his extensive knowledge of the New Zealand bush, which made him a valuable asset to the Corps of Guides. Following his military service, he remained in the Whanganui district. He died on August 29, 1913, and was buried in the Aramoho Cemetery. Adamson’s life and military contributions remain documented in the historical records of the New Zealand colonial defense forces.