Thi Lo Su Waterfall (Thai: น้ำตกทีลอซู) is a multi‑tiered waterfall situated in the Umphang District of Tak Province, north‑western Thailand. It lies within the Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary, part of the larger Western Forest Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site candidate area.
Geography and physical characteristics
- Location: Approximately 65 km southwest of the Umphang town centre, near the border with Myanmar.
- Elevation: The waterfall descends from an elevation of about 250 m (820 ft) above sea level.
- Height and length: The total vertical drop is estimated at 200 m (656 ft) with a horizontal run of roughly 350 m (1,148 ft).
- Structure: The cascade consists of a series of major falls and numerous smaller streams, creating a broad, mist‑laden curtain of water.
Hydrology
Thi Lo Su is fed primarily by the Mae Khlong River, which originates in the Doi Inthanon mountain range and traverses dense rainforest before reaching the falls. Seasonal variation in water flow is pronounced, with peak discharge occurring during the monsoon months (May–October).
Ecology
The surrounding watershed is characterized by tropical evergreen forest and hosts a diverse assemblage of flora and fauna, including several endemic and threatened species. The protected status of the area limits development and seeks to preserve the watershed’s ecological integrity.
Access and tourism
- Transportation: Access is limited to a rough, unpaved road navigable by four‑wheel‑drive vehicles. The journey from the nearest paved highway (Route 108) typically takes 4–5 hours.
- Facilities: A modest visitor centre, parking area, and a short walking trail lead to a viewpoint that offers a panoramic perspective of the falls. No commercial lodging or extensive services are available within immediate proximity.
- Visitor considerations: The remote location, challenging road conditions, and lack of on‑site medical facilities necessitate careful preparation. Authorities advise travelers to check road conditions and weather forecasts before departure.
Conservation concerns
The popularity of Thi Lo Su Waterfall has prompted discussions regarding ecological impact, waste management, and the potential for habitat disturbance. Management authorities have implemented measures such as visitor caps during peak periods and the promotion of “leave no trace” practices to mitigate adverse effects.
Cultural notes
The name “Thi Lo Su” is derived from the local Karen language, though exact translation varies among sources. It is sometimes rendered in English as “Pha Phueng Waterfall,” a transliteration of the nearby mountain’s name.
References
- Royal Forest Department, Thailand. “Western Forest Complex Management Plan.” (2020).
- Tourism Authority of Thailand. “Umphang – Thi Lo Su Waterfall.” Official guidebook, 2022.
- Scientific surveys of the Mae Khlong River basin, Journal of Southeast Asian Ecology, vol. 15, 2019.
