The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a species of hyena native to parts of Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. It is one of four extant species in the family Hyaenidae, alongside the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), the brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), and the aardwolf (Proteles cristatus). The striped hyena is easily distinguished by its coarse, shaggy coat, which is typically grayish to brown with prominent dark vertical stripes on the body and legs. It has a pointed snout, large ears, and a mane that can be raised when threatened to appear larger.
This species predominantly inhabits arid and semi-arid environments, including savannas, grasslands, open woodlands, and scrublands, often avoiding dense forests and true deserts. It is a primarily nocturnal and solitary animal, though occasional social behavior has been observed, especially during feeding or between mates. Striped hyenas are omnivorous scavengers, feeding mainly on carrion, but they also consume fruits, insects, and small animals. Unlike the more aggressive spotted hyena, the striped hyena is generally timid and avoids direct confrontation with humans and large predators.
The species exhibits a monogamous mating system in some populations, and both parents may contribute to raising offspring. Females give birth to litters of 1 to 4 cubs in dens, which are often located in caves, rock crevices, or abandoned burrows. The gestation period lasts approximately 90 to 91 days.
The striped hyena is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss, poisoning, roadkill incidents, and human persecution. It is also subject to illegal trade for use in traditional medicine and sometimes as pets, though this varies regionally.
Accurate information is not confirmed regarding its exact population size across all range countries, and conservation efforts are limited in certain areas.
The species is protected under various national laws and listed in Appendix III of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in some countries, such as India.