Sonpur is a town located in the Saran District of the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated on the banks of the Gandak River, near the confluence with the Ganges River, and lies approximately 16 kilometers west of the district headquarters, Chapra. Sonpur is part of the administrative division of Bihar known as Tirhut Division.
The town is notable for hosting the annual Sonepur Cattle Fair, officially recognized as the Sonepur Mela, which is considered Asia's largest cattle fair. The event typically takes place during the months of November and December, coinciding with the full moon day of Kartik Purnima. Historically, the fair has served as a major hub for the trading of livestock, including elephants, camels, horses, and cattle. In addition to commerce, the fair features cultural performances, religious rituals, and entertainment activities, drawing visitors from across India.
Sonpur is also a recognized railway junction on the East Central Railway zone, contributing to its connectivity within the region. The town has historical and religious significance, with several temples and sites associated with Hindu pilgrimage, including the Harihar Nath Temple.
The economy of Sonpur is primarily agrarian, with livestock trade playing a prominent role due to the fair. The population is predominantly rural, with Hindi and local Bhojpuri dialects commonly spoken.
Accurate information on specific demographic statistics, such as population figures from recent censuses, may require reference to official Indian government sources.