Samuel Lount (September 24, 1803 – April 12, 1838) was a Canadian blacksmith, farmer, land surveyor, and political reformer who was a prominent figure in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837. He was executed for his role in the rebellion and is considered a martyr by many in the history of Canadian democracy.
Early Life and Career
Born in Catawissa, Pennsylvania, United States, Lount's family moved to Upper Canada (now Ontario) around 1811, settling near Holland Landing in what is now Simcoe County. He trained as a blacksmith, a trade that was essential in the developing frontier. He also worked as a farmer and a land surveyor, gaining a good understanding of the challenges faced by ordinary settlers, particularly regarding land distribution and access to credit. His blacksmith shop often served as a community hub and a meeting place for those discontent with the colonial government.Political Activism
Lount became increasingly involved in politics, advocating for reforms to the system of governance in Upper Canada, which was largely controlled by the conservative Family Compact. This elite group held most of the power, often to the detriment of the common people. Lount was a strong supporter of William Lyon Mackenzie, a radical journalist and politician who championed democratic reform.In 1834, Lount was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, representing Simcoe County. As a Member of Parliament, he vocally opposed government policies that favored the powerful few and pushed for measures such as responsible government, electoral reform, and greater control over the colony's finances by elected representatives.
Upper Canada Rebellion
As frustration with the unreformed colonial government grew, culminating in economic hardship and political stagnation, Mackenzie and his supporters began to consider armed insurrection. Samuel Lount was a key organizer and leader in the Upper Canada Rebellion. He commanded a contingent of approximately 100 men from the area north of Toronto who were armed with rifles, pikes, and other improvised weapons.On December 4, 1837, Lount led his men to Montgomery's Tavern on Yonge Street, north of Toronto, which served as the rebels' headquarters. The plan was to march on Toronto, seize weapons, and overthrow the government. However, disorganization, poor communication, and a lack of military experience plagued the rebel forces. After a brief skirmish on December 7, the rebel advance was repulsed by loyalist militia, and the rebellion quickly collapsed.
Arrest and Execution
Following the defeat at Montgomery's Tavern, Lount attempted to flee to the United States. He was captured near Lake Erie and taken to Toronto for trial. Charged with high treason, he was found guilty. Despite numerous petitions for clemency from citizens, and even from members of the Legislative Assembly, the Lieutenant Governor, Sir Francis Bond Head, was determined to make an example of the rebel leaders.Samuel Lount was hanged on April 12, 1838, in the courtyard of the Toronto Jail (now the site of the St. Lawrence Market), alongside his fellow rebel, Peter Matthews. Their executions were intended to deter future rebellions but instead generated significant public sympathy and solidified their status as martyrs in the reform movement.