Saintonge is a historical and cultural region located in the west-central part of France. It is primarily situated within the modern-day department of Charente-Maritime, with smaller parts extending into Charente and Deux-Sèvres. Its historical capital is Saintes.
Geography
Saintonge is bordered to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, including the islands of Oléron and Ré. To the north, it borders Aunis (with La Rochelle), to the east by Angoumois, and to the south by Bordelais (part of Guyenne). The region is characterized by its limestone plains, fertile agricultural land, and a significant coastline. Major rivers include the Charente, Seudre, and Boutonne.
History
Roman Period
The region was inhabited by the Celtic tribe of the Santones, from whom Saintonge derives its name. After the Roman conquest of Gaul, Saintes (then Mediolanum Santonum) became the capital of the Roman province of Aquitania, later Aquitania Secunda. It was an important administrative and commercial center, and numerous Roman remains, including an amphitheater and a triumphal arch, still exist in Saintes.
Medieval Period
Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, Saintonge came under the rule of various Germanic tribes and later became part of the Frankish Kingdom. In the early medieval period, it was often contested between the Duchy of Aquitaine and the County of Poitou. With the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine to Henry II of England in 1152, Saintonge, like the rest of Aquitaine, became a possession of the English Crown. This led to centuries of conflict with the French monarchy, particularly during the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453). The region eventually reverted to French control towards the end of the war.
Early Modern Period
During the Wars of Religion (16th century), Saintonge, particularly its coastal areas and larger towns, became a stronghold of Protestantism (Huguenots). La Rochelle, just north of Saintonge in Aunis, was a major Huguenot center, influencing the religious landscape of Saintonge. The region suffered greatly from these conflicts. After the Edict of Nantes (1598) and its revocation (1685), many Protestants emigrated.
Modern Period
With the French Revolution in 1789, the historical provinces were abolished and replaced by departments. The vast majority of Saintonge was incorporated into the new department of Charente-Inférieure (renamed Charente-Maritime in 1941), with smaller parts going to Charente and Deux-Sèvres. Although it no longer holds administrative status, the cultural and historical identity of Saintonge remains strong.
Culture and Economy
Saintonge is renowned for its agricultural produce, particularly its vineyards, which are central to the production of Cognac and Pineau des Charentes. Other significant industries include oyster farming in the Marennes-Oléron basin, salt production, and tourism, especially along its coastline (e.g., Royan, Île d'Oléron). The region boasts a rich architectural heritage, including Romanesque churches, fortified castles, and traditional "charentaise" houses. The local dialect, known as Saintongeais, is a regional language closely related to Poitevin.
Main Cities and Towns
- Saintes: The historical capital, famous for its Roman ruins and cathedral.
- Royan: A major seaside resort.
- Cognac: Known worldwide for the brandy produced there.
- Rochefort: A historic naval base just north of the traditional boundary, often associated culturally with Saintonge.
- Jonzac: A spa town.
- Pons: Known for its medieval hospital.
Saintonge continues to be a vibrant region, proud of its history, unique culture, and economic contributions to France.