Radha Soami is a spiritual movement and philosophical tradition that originated in 19th-century India. It is classified within the broader Sant Mat ("Path of the Saints") tradition and emphasizes the internal realization of God through meditation, ethical living, and the guidance of a living spiritual teacher.
History and Origins
The movement was formally established in 1861 in Agra, India, by Seth Shiv Dayal Singh (1818–1878), who is referred to by followers as Soami Ji Maharaj. Shiv Dayal Singh did not initially intend to start a formal religion but began holding public satsangs (spiritual discourses) to share his teachings on the nature of the soul and the Divine. Following his death in 1878, the movement transitioned into several distinct lineages or branches, as different disciples established their own centers of teaching.
Etymology and Philosophy
The term "Radha Soami" is interpreted by the movement as a combination of two words representing a spiritual relationship. In this context, "Radha" symbolizes the soul (surat), and "Soami" refers to the Master or the Supreme Lord. The union of the two represents the soul returning to its original source.
The core philosophy of Radha Soami is centered on Surat Shabd Yoga, or the "Yoga of the Sound Current." Practitioners believe that the universe was created through a divine spiritual energy manifested as light and sound. By meditating on this inner "Sound Current" under the guidance of a Master, followers aim to liberate the soul from the cycle of birth and death (samsara).
Practices and Lifestyle
Adherents of the Radha Soami path generally adhere to a specific code of conduct intended to facilitate spiritual progress:
- Meditation: Daily practice focusing on the internal repetition of a mantra (simran) and listening for the internal sound (bhajan).
- Dietary Restrictions: Strict adherence to a lacto-vegetarian diet, avoiding meat, fish, and eggs.
- Abstinence: Complete avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, and non-medicinal drugs.
- Moral Living: Emphasis on earning an honest living and maintaining high moral standards in daily life.
- Service: Participation in seva (selfless service) is encouraged within many branches.
Major Branches
Over time, the movement diversified into several independent organizations. Two of the most prominent are:
- Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh: Based in Agra, this branch emphasizes a combination of spiritual practice and industrial/educational development, maintaining a self-sustaining colony.
- Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB): Based in Punjab, India, this is one of the largest branches globally, with a significant international following and extensive centers (deras) used for large-scale gatherings and community service.
The movement is characterized by its decentralized nature; while the different branches share the foundational teachings of Shiv Dayal Singh, they operate independently under their respective spiritual heads.