Definition: The Portuguese guitar is a twelve-string plucked musical instrument, traditionally associated with the accompaniment of fado music, a genre of Portuguese folk music characterized by mournful themes and introspective lyrics.
Overview: The Portuguese guitar is a key instrument in traditional fado performances, particularly in Lisbon and Coimbra styles of the genre. It is distinct from the classical guitar and shares only a superficial resemblance. The instrument is primarily used in Portugal and has become a national symbol of musical heritage. It is known for its bright, resonant timbre and intricate tuning mechanisms.
Etymology/Origin: The origin of the Portuguese guitar can be traced to the 15th century, evolving from the cittern family of instruments. It developed independently in Portugal and took its current form in the 18th and 19th centuries. The design was influenced by both the English guitar (cittern) and other European wire-strung instruments. The term "guitarra portuguesa" in Portuguese specifically denotes this instrument, differentiating it from the classical guitar ("guitarra clássica").
Characteristics:
- String configuration: 12 strings arranged in six courses (pairs), typically tuned in CGDADG or variations depending on the regional style.
- Body shape: Pear-shaped with a distinct, rounded back and a flat soundboard.
- Construction: Features a mechanical tuning system with guitar-like tuning pegs (rather than friction pegs), allowing for precise tuning.
- Playing technique: Played fingerstyle, often using the fingertips or a combination of fingers and nails. It features a unique method of arpeggiation and rhythmic accompaniment that emphasizes melodic phrasing.
- Craftsmanship: Traditionally handcrafted, with high-quality woods such as rosewood for the back and sides, and spruce or cedar for the soundboard.
Related Topics:
- Fado music: The genre most closely associated with the Portuguese guitar.
- Fado guitar: The six-string acoustic guitar that often accompanies the Portuguese guitar in fado ensembles.
- Cittern: A Renaissance-era instrument from which the Portuguese guitar evolved.
- Viola Braguesa and Viola Campaniça: Other regional stringed instruments from Portugal.
- Traditional Portuguese instruments: Part of Portugal’s broader musical heritage, including bagpipes, accordions, and various folk violas.
Notable players include Armandinho, Carlos Paredes, and Cristina Branco, who have contributed significantly to the instrument's development and popularity.